Journal: Animal Nutrition
Article Title: Retinoic acid alleviates rotavirus-induced intestinal damage by regulating redox homeostasis and autophagic flux in piglets
doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.007
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of retinoic acid (RA) administration on autophagy activation in jejunum from control and RA-treated groups. (A and B) Western blotting analysis of autophagy-related proteins including autophagy induction and regulation (pBeclin/Beclin, pULK1/ULK1, ATG7, ATG16 and ATG14), autophagy cargo recognition and degradation (p62, ATG5, ATG3), and autophagy maturation and lysosomal fusion (syntaxin, SNAP29, Rab7A and LC3I/II) ( n = 3). (C to G) Gray value analysis of the above protein expressions ( n = 3). KD = kiloDalton; Beclin = coiled-coil, moesin-like BCL2-interacting protein; ULK1 = Unc51-like kinase 1; ATG = autophagy-related gene; p62 = sequestosome 1; SNAP29 = synaptosome associated protein 29; RAB7A = RAS-related protein Rab-7a; LC3 = microtubule-associated protein light chain 3. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.
Article Snippet: Western blotting was conducted as previously described ( ) using primary antibodies against zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (13663, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), occludin (911131, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), claudin-1 (13255, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), pNRF2 (ab76026, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), NRF2 (16396-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) (10701-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), sequestosome 1 (p62) (ab56416, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) (ab125066, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), Unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) (8054, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), pULK1 (14202, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), autophagy-related gene (ATG) 7 (8558, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), ATG16 (8089, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), ATG14 (96752, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), coiled-coil, moesin-like BCL2-interacting protein (Beclin) (3495, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), pBeclin (14717, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), ATG5 (9980, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), ATG3 (3415, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), syntaxin (2869, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) (sc-390602, Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas, USA), RAS-related protein Rab-7a (RAB7A) (9367, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), LC3I/II (4108, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and β-actin (3700, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).
Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot